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DL Brodys Ghost Volume 4 d00nl0d. John Syminges, a wealthy widower with three children of his own. Donne thus acquired a stepfather. Donne was educated privately; however, there is no evidence to support the popular claim that he was taught by Jesuits. After three years of studies there, Donne was admitted to the University of Cambridge, where he studied for another three years.
In , five years after the defeat of the Spanish Armada and during the intermittent Anglo-Spanish War — , Queen Elizabeth issued the first English statute against sectarian dissent from the Church of England, titled 'An Act for restraining Popish recusants'. It defined 'Popish recusants' as those 'convicted for not repairing to some Church, Chapel, or usual place of Common Prayer to hear Divine Service there, but forbearing the same contrary to the tenor of the laws and statutes heretofore made and provided in that behalf'.
Donne's brother Henry was also a university student prior to his arrest in for harbouring a Catholic priest, William Harrington, and died in Newgate Prison of bubonic plague, leading Donne to begin questioning his Catholic faith. During and after his education, Donne spent much of his considerable inheritance on women, literature, pastimes and travel.
By the age of 25 he was well prepared for the diplomatic career he appeared to be seeking. During the next four years Donne fell in love with Egerton's niece Anne More, and they were secretly married just before Christmas [5] in , against the wishes of both Egerton and George More, who was Lieutenant of the Tower and Anne's father. Upon discovery, this wedding ruined Donne's career, getting him dismissed and put in Fleet Prison, along with the Church of England priest Samuel Brooke, who married them, [12] and the man who acted as a witness to the wedding.
Donne was released shortly thereafter when the marriage was proved to be valid, and he soon secured the release of the other two. Walton tells us that when Donne wrote to his wife to tell her about losing his post, he wrote after his name: John Donne, Anne Donne, Un-done. It was not until that Donne was reconciled with his father-in-law and received his wife's dowry. After his release, Donne had to accept a retired country life in a small house in Pyrford, Surrey, owned by Anne's cousin, Sir Francis Wooley, where they resided until the end of Though he also worked as an assistant pamphleteer to Thomas Morton writing anti-Catholic pamphlets, Donne was in a constant state of financial insecurity.
Anne gave birth to 12 children in 16 years of marriage, including two stillbirths—their eighth and then, in , their last child ; indeed, she spent most of her married life either pregnant or nursing. Three Francis, Nicholas, and Mary died before they were ten. In a state of despair that almost drove him to kill himself, Donne noted that the death of a child would mean one mouth fewer to feed, but he could not afford the burial expenses.
During this time, Donne wrote but did not publish Biathanatos , his defence of suicide. The fashion for coterie poetry of the period gave Donne a means to seek patronage, and many of his poems were written for wealthy friends or patrons, especially MP Sir Robert Drury of Hawsted — , whom he met in and became Donne's chief patron, furnishing him and his family an apartment in his large house in Drury Lane. Donne sat as an MP again, for Taunton, in the Addled Parliament of but though he attracted five appointments within its business he made no recorded speech.
In Donne was awarded an honorary doctorate in divinity from Cambridge University, and became a Royal Chaplain in the same year, and a Reader of Divinity at Lincoln's Inn in , [2] where he served in the chapel as minister until Donne did not return to England until During his period as dean his daughter Lucy died, aged eighteen.
In late November and early December he suffered a nearly fatal illness, thought to be either typhus or a combination of a cold followed by a period of fever. During his convalescence he wrote a series of meditations and prayers on health, pain, and sickness that were published as a book in under the title of Devotions upon Emergent Occasions.
Donne died on 31 March and was buried in old St Paul's Cathedral, where a memorial statue of him by Nicholas Stone was erected with a Latin epigraph probably composed by himself.
The statue was claimed by Izaac Walton in his biography to have been modelled from the life by Donne in order to suggest his appearance at the resurrection; it was to start a vogue in such monuments during the course of the 17th century. Donne's earliest poems showed a developed knowledge of English society coupled with sharp criticism of its problems. His satires dealt with common Elizabethan topics, such as corruption in the legal system, mediocre poets, and pompous courtiers.
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